I. A. Richards. The Philosophy of Rhetoric. New York, Oxford University Press, 1965.

In this in-depth work, Richards defines rhetoric as the study of misunderstanding and its remedies. Focusing on how words work in discourse, he examines the interaction of words with each other and with their contexts, demonstrating how a continual synthesis of meaning--or "principle of metaphor"--gives life to discussion. He also argues that we can better control and animate our use of words, and therefore decrease misunderstanding, by comprehending the way meaning changes in discourse.